ProRes RAW Workflow with the SIGMA fp

Today we are going to discuss recording in ProRes RAW while using the SIGMA fp & fp L and the workflow for that RAW footage in post. 


What is ProRes RAW

First off let’s explain what it is: Apple ProRes RAW is a codec that allows for recording RAW footage while keeping manageable file sizes. Over time, the ability to shoot RAW footage has become more and more essential to filmmakers and along with that came more RAW capable cameras. The full-frame SIGMA fp & fp L is able to record ProRes RAW at up to DCI 4K24p or UHD 4K30p via HDMI to the Atomos Ninja V. 

ProRes RAW is ideal for Apple users since you can only edit this type of Raw footage in Final Cut Pro X. Decompressing other types of RAW footage can easily become a strain on your computer and bog down your post-production speed. But ProRes RAW was built for Final Cut Pro X so it’s able to record a large amount of data without slowing down your post-production process. 


Set up fp & fp L with your Atomos Recorder

Setting up your SIGMA fp and Atomos recorder is fairly simple and all you need is the camera, the recorder and an HDMI/micro HDMI cable. Plug the micro HDMI into the side of the fp and connect by plugging in the HDMI into your Atomos recorder. 

Make sure the fp is in cine mode and scroll through the menu to the “Settings” section. Under “settings” find “HDMI Output” and set it to “Recorded Image Output”. To set it to record RAW, click for “further options” under “Recorded Image Output” and from there select “RAW” under “Output Format”. To trigger recording through the camera, in the menu under “Settings” click on “Time Code”, from there click the HDMI Output and set that to “On”. 

Now here’s my post-production workflow when working with ProRes RAW…


ProRes Tutorial: Import Media

ProRes Tutorial: Radio Cut

ProRes Tutorial: Coloring

ProRes Tutorial: HDR Tools


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Creating Atmosphere with SIGMA Classic Lenses

This past July, when I heard the good news that the second season of History’s smash hit docu/recre series The Food That Built America (which earlier in the year had been pushed indefinitely due to the emerging pandemic) got the go ahead to resume production in the fall, I knew things were going to be different on set; in order to keep the cast and crew safe while shooting our fairly large show — about 100 crew and over 130 cast overall — we were going to have to make some pretty big changes to the way the show would be shot. That’s where the SIGMA Cine Classics were able to shoulder the burden.

The writers and producers did the bulk of the legwork on those changes while we were in pre-production, but then it fell into the camera department’s court to figure out how to best reflect any changes that would need to be made as far as gear and crew. 

Elle Schneider on The Food That Built America
Elle Schneider on The Food That Built America

Atmosphere without Haze

One of the biggest visual challenges I faced was that atmosphere, perhaps the most essential tool in the period piece cinematographer’s bag of tricks, and a key component to the look of the show’s first season, might not be possible to use this go round: strict COVID protocols meant that in order to use haze, which creates hazardous air quality (we should probably already be wearing masks while using it), all crew in the room would have to upgrade from surgical masks to new KN95s whenever we had a new haze scene, we’d have to air out the room between takes, and we’d have to follow other safety requirements that would be hard to adhere to within our tight schedule. 

The Food That Built America

So rather than limit our shooting time as a result of such a cumbersome procedure, I decided to approach this creative dilemma in a different way — optically. I knew about SIGMA’s recently-introduced Cine Classic Art Prime series, a limited-run variant on their Cine Primes, which feature a modified coating that decreases contrast, adds blooming highlights and flares, and creates other “feature, not bug” quirks in the image that I’d normally achieve with atmosphere. Though in short supply, I was able to get a set of Classics for the series, and was incredibly pleased with the results. 


Creating Atmosphere Optically

This was my first time using the Cine Classics, and right from the start, I knew I’d made the right choice. The Cine Classics hold the same sharpness and look as the SIGMA Cine Primes, which is helpful for a show like The Food That Built America that wants to evoke a different time period while still engaging a modern audience; it has to feel old without looking old. That contemporary-feeling sharpness is something I wouldn’t have gotten if I’d relied solely on vintage primes to achieve my bloomy/hazy look, as vintage lenses are often grainier and soft, and because these are brand new lenses, with modern optical design, they were consistent in a way that older primes with “unique character” might not be.  

The Food That Built America

We did have one vintage lens on set, a Cooke Varotal, used when we needed a zoom or to double up on focal lengths (we had a dual Varicam LT setup), but the majority of our scenes were shot entirely on the Cine Classics, and the two lenses cut together incredibly well. I also used a few different Tiffen warming filters (antique black pearlescent and water whites) to give the color palette an older feel.

Part of our COVID precautions this season entailed using as much of any given shooting location as we possibly could, to avoid having to sanitize and prepare too many new spaces, which is a tall order in a historic location where surfaces are often old and fragile — it’s not usually the floor that’s lava, but the walls and the furniture. 

The Food That Built America

The directive to shoot out each location meant we ended up using a few rooms that were smaller than would typically be suitable for production, but since the Cine Classics share everything but the coating and T-stop with the regular Cine Primes (alas, the Classics are a little slower than the Cine Primes, the price of beauty), that meant I could get into some pretty tight corners, as even the 14mm Classic doesn’t create much of a fisheye or distorted perspective, in some cases you might say it looks shockingly normal. The lack of distortion allowed the 20mm to become one of our workhorse lenses even for tight interiors, and this squeeze wasn’t anywhere near the issue it could have been.

As an added bonus, the Cine Classics allowed us to get a hazy look even in some of our most sensitive locations, where we wouldn’t have been allowed to use haze regardless of pandemic protocol. Another unexpected perk was that the blooming of bright windows helped to smooth away blips caused by traffic on nearby streets we weren’t able to close. 

The Food that Built America

All in all, I had an extremely positive experience using the SIGMA Cine Classics, and they allowed me to achieve the image I wanted despite unique creative challenges dictated by a strict COVID set. They’re certainly a unique look that might not work for every production, but I was thrilled with the results (and more importantly, so were the producers and the network) and I can’t wait for the next project that calls for them.

  • Photos by Elle Schneider and Scott Varn
  • B Camera Operator Alex Peterson

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My fp Experience with Sigma Pro Elle Schneider

When I started making films during the DSLR Revolution, the size of my camera meant I took it everywhere. Interchangeable lenses on a body that could also shoot “pro” video both inspired spontaneous creativity and bestowed the ability to iterate and learn rapidly as a shooter of stills or motion. Street photography, landscapes, BTS, concerts, barbecues, location scouts, lighting tests, whatever I was doing, I was snapping photos while doing it. DSLRs helped me to understand what kind of creator I was, and what I enjoyed shooting.

But as camera technology progressed rapidly over the last decade, and I graduated to cinema-level cameras for my professional work, I began to notice that photography, both as a passion and as a way to continuously hone my craft as a DP, had inadvertently fallen by the wayside. Somehow my phone had become the camera I used most frequently, simply because it was the one that was always in my pocket. But unlike carrying a DSLR that could pack more punch, I wasn’t learning and growing artistically by using a cell phone. My images were utilitarian, passive documentation, too constrained by lens and codec quality to experiment successfully. And shooting concert photos, my hobby? Forget it. The blur and blowouts would be a one way ticket to Instagram jail.

Once I started to look at the camera options available that would suit the kind of carefree shooting I wanted to do, I quickly found myself in a bit of a Goldilocks scenario:

    ▪    While easy to lug around for daily use, most affordable point-and-shoot cameras aren’t robust enough, codec or resolution-wise, to achieve the quality I want (photos printable at a reasonable display size, video that you’d actually want to show other humans),

    ▪    But most of todays’ top-shelf DSLRs have large, heavy bodies, not to mention being too expensive to want to put through the ringer of day-to-day shooting and purse-toting.

So I was very intrigued when the fp tiptoed onto the scene this fall, and was excited to test it out.

To start with, the fp is small, but very durable. It doesn’t feel like it could break easily, which is the first thing I want for a daily shooter. In fact, though compact, it feels weightier than it should in your hands, but to disprove the lawyer in Jurassic Park, that doesn’t mean it’s expensive; it’s extremely affordable for everything it does. In terms of a camera I can feel comfortable carrying around everywhere without burning a hole in my pocket, the fp delivers in spades. Plus it has some well-placed quarter-twenties to attach gizmos aplenty, which many compact cameras that border the prosumer range don’t bother including.

To take the fp for a spin, I headed to the Hollywood Bowl to see The Who (as one does). I brought the kit 45mm lens, which was very sharp with a nice contrast. I sat a few sections back from the stage in order to capture a wide range of tones in the environment, not just the well-exposed performers. I wanted to see how the whole shebang would hold up as one tableau: the massive, colored light fixtures, how they passed over the audience, where, if anywhere, channels blew out or lost detail, what it looked like when brightness fell to shadows away from the stage, and what was going on in the sky. 

In pixel peeping after the show, I was very impressed with how the fp handled the colors of the huge lighting rig. I was also impressed by how much detail held in the moon and the highlights on stage; many color-blasted areas that looked blown out, and would definitely be blown on a phone or lesser camera, were immaculately preserved. Often I have to go into funky Photoshop raw settings to handle spots of overly saturated color, here I didn’t have to at all. Even at a high ISO, the captured image looks very clean and mostly noise-free. If I were up close shooting a more subtly lit stage, this sensitivity would let me work at a much faster shutter speed than I normally get to use in concert venues, and would seriously cut down on shots lost to motion blur—which is great if you shoot in a mosh pit, which I do sometimes. If you’re looking to up your concert stills or video game and don’t have press credentials, the fp is a very solid choice. I also shot a little video, and the onboard audio was much stronger than expected.

For my nitty-gritty video test, I visited The Huntington museum and gardens with the camera rigged to a Samsung T5 external SSD so I could capture some clips in CinemaDNG. I’ve been shooting on CinemaDNG since 2012, so I was excited to see what it looked like out of a new camera, and had a basic idea of what I should expect from the file. 

I took still photos and video throughout the gardens, focusing on contrast, detail, and different lighting situations, from under exposure post-sunset to the harsh afternoon sun just before magic hour. I’m not exactly a flower photo kinda gal, but I really like the way the contrast in the fp Color Modes made the flowers in these photos pop. I felt compelled to stop and smell the roses, literally and figuratively, because the rear display on the camera made me feel confident about the images I was getting, and I wanted to play around. And that’s exactly the feeling I want to get from a small camera like this.

(Onenote: It can sometimes be hard to gauge whether your images are in tack sharp focus on the display, and the camera doesn’t appear to be doing a lot of fancy pre-sharpening to your file, so I recommend giving yourself options or setting a generous F-stop while shooting.)

The first thing I did after my tests was to check the image folders (if you haven’t used it before, CinemaDNG is recorded as an image sequence contained in a folder per shot, rather than as a single video file) to compare the video DNGs to the still DNGs. I was surprised to find that the “Cine” DNG files actually appear to be higher quality, and also carry a consistent data rate across the whole image sequence, than the “Still” images which vary in size depending on what you’re shooting. This indicates some compression is happening under the hood with the still files that isn’t happening in Cine mode. 

Overall, I was really pleased with the fp, and the quality of the footage I was getting out of it. I’ve already dragged it around a bit to shoot casually here and there, just like I did in the Olden Days. With the right rig, an enterprising individual could definitely use the fp as an A-cam for a music video or narrative short, and luckily its configurability with different modular accessories is at the very core of the fp’s design. You can tell the engineers who built this camera were trying to think with a wide range of customers in mind, not just one, and endeavored to build a tool that could be enjoyed for all sorts of artistic needs. That being said, for me, the real joy in this camera comes from its weight and maneuverability, whether you’re shooting in Still or Cine mode. Pairing the fp with a lightweight monopod makes for a killer videography setup that takes away all the moan and groan of being asked to shoot somebody’s whatever, which is incredibly freeing, and by the same token this combo is also fantastic for hiking or treks into the wilderness where normally halfway to your favorite scenic vista you realize that hauling all the gear you own into the tundra was a big, big mistake.

Now, the fp is not a be-all-end-all camera. It doesn’t have pro audio monitoring, it doesn’t have a cold shoe mount, or a built-in flash. It can charge its battery internally via USB-C port, but you can’t shoot while it’s charging. It also doesn’t have the articulating screens or grips of hefty DSLRs. Video can be a little jerky sometimes when going purely handheld, because of how lightweight it is. You more than likely will need a riser when rigging it to a VCT plate if you’re using cinema-size lenses. And the display is highly reflective, making it hard to shoot in broad daylight without the viewfinder accessory. 

As Joe E Brown says at the end of Some Like it Hot, “Well, nobody’s perfect.” But for an affordable, everyday shooter that delivers great quality stills in a small, durable body, that can also output raw video when called upon, and puts creativity back in your pocket? For that, the fp is a pretty perfect little camera, and I’m excited to add it to my arsenal of tools.

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